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People and Organizations: The ethical context of HRM, Lecture 10 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming an increasingly important activity for businesses nationally and internationally. As globalization accelerates and large corporations serve as global providers, these corporations have progressively recognized the benefits of providing CSR programs in their various locations. CSR activities are now being undertaken throughout the globe (McWilliams, 2015). The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) began in the 1920s; however, due to the Great Depression and World War II, it failed to become a serious topic amongst business leaders until the 1950s. The obligations of business to pursue those policies, to make those decisions or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society (Bowen, 1953). Over the subsequent decades, CSR definitions, practices and adoption of CSR expanded immensely. Philosophies...

People and Organizations: The Global Context for HRM, Lecture 8 Globalization means the processes that reduce barriers among countries (Frenkel & Peetz, 1998). Globalization is an important factor that influences organizations that compete for customers with high expectations for performance, quality, and low cost (Morrison, 2005). Consequently, the mobility between countries in order to firm performance has focused on financial flow rather than labor force. At the same time, a new managerial change such as the growth of foreigner’s stock ownership and establishment of a subsidiary in host country effects on employer’s business strategy and employment relations, including individual employees and trade unions (Bonfenbrenner, 2000). Also, one of the most considerable point is labor costs when a firm go abroad for expansion in the market. As organizations globalize, cultural sensitivity and understanding are vital for HR managers to add value. Globalization increases the ...

People and Organizations: Organizational Culture, Lecture 9 What is Culture? Culture is arrangement of different attributes that express an organization and differentiate the firm from another one (Forehand and von Gilmer, 1964). According to Hofstede (1980), culture is the collective thinking of minds that create a difference between the members of one group from another. As per Schein (1990), defines culture is a set of different values and behaviors that may be considered to guide success. According to the Kotter and Heskett (1992), culture means a fairly established set of beliefs, behaviors, and values of society contain generally. In simple words, we can understand that culture is gained knowledge, explanations, values, beliefs, communication, and behaviors of a large group of people, at the same time and same place. Characteristics of organizational culture:   According to Dasanayaka and Mahakalanda (2008), maximizing employee’s values are considered as ...

What is Performance Management? Performance management is a much broader and a complicated function of HR, as it encompasses activities such as joint goal setting, continuous progress review, and frequent communication, feedback and coaching for improved performance, implementation of employee development programs and rewarding achievements. The process of performance management starts with the joining of a new incumbent in a system and ends when an employee quits the organization. Performance management can be regarded as the systematic process by which the overall performance of an organization can be improved by improving the performance of individuals within a team framework. According to Armstrong and Baron (1998), Performance Management is both a strategic and integrated approach to delivering successful results in organizations by improving the performance and developing the capabilities of teams and individuals. The management of organizational performance t...

          The employment relationship in Sri Lanka is based on the Employer-Employee relationship, which over the years has gained protection under the law. The common law concept of the contract based on a Master and servant relationship under the Roman-Dutch Law, which was later influenced by the English Law concepts. The influence of English Law was seen mostly in the area of the rights and liabilities of the Master and servant relationship in regard to third parties.                 We can see Currently there is a strong Trade Union movement In Sri Lanka, employees are fairly aware of the benefits afforded to them by the various labor statutes. Important Acts to protect employees rights in Sri Lanka. v The Shop and Office Employees' act No.19 of 1954 . Which is an Act providing for the regulation of employment, hours of work and remuneration of per...

Employee engagement is the emotional commitment employees feel towards their organization and the actions they take to ensure the organization’s success; engaged employees demonstrate care, dedication, enthusiasm accountability and results in focus. When employees care - when they are ‘engaged’ - they use discretionary effort. They stay behind to get a job done because they are committed and feel accountable and want to, they pick up the cups left behind on the table in the meeting room or the rubbish that missed the bin because they care about their workplace. They stand up for their company because they are proud to be a part of it, they find solutions to problems and create ideas to improve; they are emotionally engaged with their organization and they care. How an organization treats its employees has a direct impact on its employees’ engagement. Harnessing of organization members’ selves to their work roles; self-employment and self-expression of people physically, cog...

                All jobs are designed, whether consciously or otherwise. In this sense design is simply the process of deciding what goes in and what stays out. Design is, by its very nature, both enabling and excluding. Organizations may seek to divide tasks rationally between different groups of employees in ways that appear to maximize efficiency. Narrowly designed jobs, for example where employees repeat a restricted number of tasks in relatively short cycles,   assume high levels of product or service standardization, high levels of predictability in the business environment and high levels of employee tolerance of boring work.      To summarise, job design might be represented as follows:                  There are certain factors that influence   job design, or rather...

                   Training and Development are usually used as combined terms, but there exist many differences between those two and there is a need to know these differences by every management graduate, employees to understand the various things happening around them in the organization. This article is mainly emphasized on differentiating the terms Training and Development. TRAINING             An employee when first joined in the organization he is so much confused and doesn’t know about the culture of the organization and from the first day of joining he will be given training in various job activities to make him aware of the work and his role in fulfilling the duty he is assigned. To facilitate the employee with all the information he requires to perform the job he is given rigorous training to make him adaptable and suitable for the wor...